Abstract: Since the issue of “Outline of National Medium and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Planning,” China has substantially increased its input to science and technology (S&T) and an increasing number of parties participate in the allotment of S&T resources. Further improvement of macro management capacity in S&T resources is especially important to optimizing of S&T resources allotment, integrating of S&T resources of various parties, and achieving overall breakthrough in innovation capacity and competitiveness. S&T planning, a strategic management tool for S&T activities within specified scope and period is valuable to coordination and arrangement of S&T resources at macro level. Now, a national planning framework for S&T development, integrating national overall planning, program planning, regional (local) planning, and industrial planning, has been taking shape in China. In light of the national requirements on strengthening building of system, standards, and regulations on planning, the article proposes to establish and improve the mechanisms for coordinated preparing, for connecting planning, programming, and budgeting, and for evaluation and adjustment.