Abstract: Implementing of S&T projects involves multiple tiers of principal-agent relationships, in which participants’ separation brings about different forms of governing. The Industrial technology alliance, in connecting specific parties and processes together, forms a common governing structure that is beneficial to development of S&T projects and application of research results. It can provide China with valuable experiences in transforming its management system for S&T projects. The article discusses how to improve S&T project management system through the new form of organization, industrial technology alliance.